Frontal Polymerization Bibliography

  1. Chechilo, N. M.; Khvilivitskii, R. J.; Enikolopyan, N. S. “On the Phenomenon of Polymerization Reaction Spreading,” Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 1972204, 1180-1181.

  2. Butakov, A. A.; Maksimov, E. I. “An experimental study of the heat regimes of tubular reactor,”Doklady Akad. Nauk SSSR 1973209, 643.

  3. Begishev, V. P.; Volpert, V. A.; Davtyan, S. P.; Malkin, A. Y. “On some Features of the Process of Anionic Activated Polymerization of e-caprolactams under Conditions of Wave Propagation,” Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 1973208, 892.
  4. Begishev, V. P.; Volpert, V. A.; Davtyan, S. P.; Malkin, A. Y. “On some Features of the Process of Anionic Activated Polymerization of e-caprolactams under Conditions of Wave Propagation,” Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 1973208, 892.
  5. Khanukaev, B. B.; Kozhushner, M. A.; Enikolopyan, N. S. “Theory of the Propagation of a Polymerization Front,”Dokl. Phys. Chem. 1974214, 84-87.
  6. Khanukaev, B. B.; Kozhushner, M. A.; Enikolopyan, N. S. “Theory of Polymerization-Front Propagation,”Combust. Explos. Shock Waves 197410, 562-568.
  7. Enikolopyan, N. S.; Kozhushner, M. A.; Khanukaev, B. B. “Molecular Weight Distribution during Isothermal and Frontal Polymerization,”Doklady Phys. Chem. 1974217, 676-678.
  8. Chechilo, N. M.; Enikolopyan, N. S. “Structure of the Polymerization Wave Front and Propagation Mechanism of the Polymerization Reaction,”Dokl. Phys. Chem. 1974214, 174-176.
  9. Chechilo, N. M.; Enikolopyan, N. S. “Effect of the Concentration and Nature of Initiators on the Propagation Process in Polymerization,”Dokl. Phys. Chem. 1975221, 392-394.
  10. Aleksanyan, G. G.; Arutyunyan, K. A.; Bodneva, V. L.; Davtyan, S. P.; Prut, E. V.; Rozenberg, B. A.; Shkadinskii, K. G.; Yenikolopyan, N. S. “Some Rules Governing the Extension of the Front of Radical Polymerization of Vinyl Monomers,”Polym. Sci. USSR 1975A17, 1052-1059.
  11. Chechilo, N. M.; Enikolopyan, N. S. “Effect of Pressure and Initial Temperature of the Reaction Mixture during Propagation of a Polymerization Reaction,”Dokl. Phys. Chem. 1976230, 840-843.
  12. Arutiunian, K. A.; Davtyan, S. P.; Rozenberg, B. A.; Enikolopyan, N. S. “Curing of epoxy resins of bis-phenol A by amines under conditions of reaction front propagation,” Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 1975223, 657-660.
  13. Surkov, N. F.; Davtyan, S. P.; Rozenberg, B. A.; Enikolopyan, N. S. “Calculation of the Steady Velocity of the Reaction Front during Hardening of Epoxy Oligomers by Diamines,”Dokl. Phys. Chem. 1976228, 435-438.
  14. Davtyan, S. P.; Gukasova, E. A.; Makarova, S. B.; Enikolopyan, N. S. “Gel Effect During Adiabatic Polymerization of n-Butyl Methacrylate,”Doklady Phys. Chem. 1976231, 1279-1281.
  15. Davtyan, S. P.; Surkov, N. F.; Rozenberg, B. A.; Enikolopyan, N. S. “Influence of the Gel Effect on the Kinetics of Radical Polymerization under the Conditions of the Polymerization Front Propagation,”Dokl. Phys. Chem. 1977232, 64-67.
  16. Butakov, A. A.; Shtessel, E. A. “The effect of gravitational convection on the regularities of exothermal reactions in tubular reactors,”Doklady Akad. Nauk SSSR 1977237, 1422.
  17. Davtyan, S. P.; Arutyunyan, K. A.; Shkadinskii, K. G.; Rozenberg, B. A.; Yenikolopyan, N. S. “The Mechanism of Epoxide oligomer hardening by diamines under advancing reaction front conditions,”Polymer Science U.S.S.R. 197819, 3149-3154.
  18. Davtyan, S. P.; Gel’man, E. A.; Karyan, A. A.; Tonoyan, A. O.; Enikolopyan, N. S. “Applicability of the Principle of Quasistationary concentrations to the Radical Polymerization of vinyl monomers under Adiabatic Conditions,”Doklady Phys. Chem. 1980253, 579-582.
  19. Strunina, A. G.; Dvoryankin, A. V. Dokl. Phys. Chem. 1981260, 1185-1188.
  20. Gel’man, E. A.; Karyan, A. A.; Davtyan, S. P.; Vol’pert, A. I. “Applicability of Principle of Quasistationary concentrations in Calculating Molecular Weight Distribution for Processes of Radical Polymerization of Vinyl Monomers under nonisothermal Conditions,”Doklady Phys. Chem. 1981260, 971-974.
  21. Volpert, V. A.; Davtyan, S. P. “Wave existence in the simultaneous polymerization and crystallization,”Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 1982268, 62-65.
  22. Gusika, P. L. “Theory of Polymerization Front Propagation in a Suspension,”Khim. Fiz. 19827, 988-993.
  23. Volpert, V. A.; Davtyan, S. P. “Existence of the polymerization wave with crystallization of the initial substance,”Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 1983273, 1155-1158.
  24. Begishev, V. P.; Volpert, V. A.; Davtyan, S. P.; Malkin, A. Y. “On some Features of the Anionic Activated e-Caprolactam Polymerization Process under Wave Propagation Conditions,”Dokl. Phys. Chem. 1985279, 1075-1077.
  25. Begishev, V. P.; Davtjan, S. P.; Enikalopov, N .S. ; Malkin, A. Ya.; Frunze, T. V.; Kotelnikov, V. A. ; Avakjan, U. A.; Volpert, Vit. A. , “Method of Production of Block Polycaproamide,” Patent No. 1155606 USSR, 1985.
  26. Volpert, V. A.; Mergabova, I. N.; Davtyan, S. P.; Begishev, V. P. “Propagation of the Caprolactam Polymerization Wave,”Combust. Explos. Shock Waves 198621, 443-447.
  27. Zhizhin, G. V.; Segal, A. S.; Babadzhanyan, A. S.; Volpert, V. A.; Davtyan, S. P. “On Stationary States of Spherical and Cylindrical Front of the Reaction in Liquid with Variable Viscosity,”Kinet. Kataliz 198627, 1310-1314.
  28. Babadzhanyan, A. S.; Volpert, V. A.; Davtyan, S. P. “Steady-State Modes of Frontal Polymerization in Radial Symmetric Delivery of the Monomer,”Dokl. Phys. Chem. 1987293, 357-360.
  29. Babadzhanyan, A. S.; Volpert, V. A.; Volpert, V. A.; Davtyan, S. P.; Megrabova, I. N. “Frontal Regimes of the Exothermic Reaction Proceeding by Radially Symmetrical Supply of Reagents,”Combust. Explos. Shock Waves 198824, 711-719.
  30. Barelko, V. V.; Barkalov, I. M.; Goldanskii, V. I.; Kiryukhin, D. P.; Sanin, A. M. “Autowave Modes of Conversion in Low-Temperature Chemical Reactions in Solids,” Adv. Chem. Phys. 198874, 339-385.
  31. Babadzhanyan, A. S.; Volpert, V. A.; Volpert, V. A.; Davtyan, S. P.; Megrabova, I. N. “Stability of frontal regimes for the occurence of an exothermic reaction with radially symmetrical supply of the reagents,”Combust. Explos. Shock Waves 198925, 23-31.
  32. Megrabova, I. N.; Volpert, V. A.; Volpert, V. A.; Davtyan, S. P. “Two-dimensional chemical reaction regimes in a flow,”Dokl. Phys. Chem. 1990307, 618-620.
  33. Pojman, J. A., “Traveling Fronts of Methacrylic Acid Polymerization,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1991113, 6284-6286.
  34. Balcom, B. J.; Carpenter, T. A.; Hall, L. D. “Methacrylic Acid Polymerization. Travelling Waves Observed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging,”Macromolecules 199225, 6818-6823.
  35. Pojman, J. A.; Craven, R.; Khan, A.; West, W. “Convective Instabilities Induced by Traveling Fronts of Addition Polymerization,” J. Phys. Chem.199296, 7466-7472.
  36. White, S. R.; Kim, C., Thermochemical modeling of an economical manufacturing technique for composite structures,37th Int. SAMPE Symp. Exhib., 1992, 240-251.
  37. Volpert, V. A.; Volpert, V. A.; Davtyan, S. P.; Mergabova, I. N.; Surkov, N. F. “Two-Dimensional Combustion Modes in Condensed Flow,”SIAM J. Appl. Math. 199252, 368-383.
  38. White, S. R.; Kim, C. “A Simultaneous Lay-Up and in situ Cure Process for Thick Composites,”J. Reinforced Plastics and Comp. 199312, 520-535.
  39. Pojman, J. A.; Nagy, I. P.; Salter, C. “Traveling Fronts of Addition Polymerization with a Solid Monomer,”J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993115, 11044-11045.
  40. Korotkov, V. N.; Chekanov, Y. A.; Rozenberg, B. A. “The Simultaneous Process of Filament Winding and Curing for Polymer Composites,”Comp. Sci. & Tech. 199347, 383-388.
  41. Solovyov, S. E.; Volpert, V. A.; Davtyan, S. P. “Radially Symmetric Flow of Reacting Liquid with Changing Viscosity,”SIAM J. Appl. Math. 199353, 907-914.
  42. Volpert, Vit. A.; Volpert, Vl. A.; Pojman, J. A. “Effect of Thermal Expansion on Stability of Reaction Front Propagation,” Chem. Eng. Sci. 199414, 2385-2388.
  43. Volpert, V.; Volpert, V. “Propagation of Frontal Polymerization-Crystallization Waves,”Eur. J. Appl. Math. 19945, 201-215.
  44. Savostyanov, V. S.; Kritskaya, D. A.; Ponomarev, A. N.; Pomogailo, A. D. “Thermally Initiated Frontal Polymerization of Transition Metal Nitrate Acrylamide Complexes,”J. Poly. Sci. Part A: Poly. Chem. 199432, 1201-1212.
  45. Pojman, J. A.; Willis, J.; Fortenberry, D.; Ilyashenko, V.; Khan, A. “Factors Affecting Propagating Fronts of Addition Polymerization: Velocity, Front Curvature, Temperature Profile, Conversion and Molecular Weight Distribution,” J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym Chem. 199533, 643-652.
  46. Pojman, J. A.; Ilyashenko, V. M.; Khan, A. M. “Spin Mode Instabilities in Propagating Fronts of Polymerization,” Physica D 199584, 260-268.
  47. Nagy, I. P.; Sike, L.; Pojman, J. A. “Thermochromic Composite Prepared Via a Propagating Polymerization Front,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995117, 3611-3612.
  48. Ilyashenko, V.; Solovyov, S.; Pojman, J. A. “Theoretical Aspects of Self-Propagating Reaction Fronts in Condensed Medium,” AIChE Journal 199541, 2631-2636.
  49. Kim, C.; Teng, H.; Tucker, C. L.; White, S. R. “The Continuous Curing Process for Thermoset Polymer Composites. Part 1: Modeling and Demonstration,”J. Comp. Mater. 199529, 1222-1253.
  50. Nagy, I. P.; Sike, L.; Pojman, J. A., “Thermochromic Composites and Propagating Polymerization Fronts,” Adv. Mat. 19957, 1038-1040.
  51. Szalay, J.; Nagy, I. P.; Barkai, I.; Zsuga, M. “Conductive Composites Prepared via a Propagating Polymerization Front,”Die Ang. Makr. Chem. 1996236, 97-109.
  52. Volpert, V.; Volpert, V. A.; Pojman, J. A.; Solovyov, S. E. “Hydrodynamic Stability of a Polymerization Front,” Eur. J. Appl. Math. 19967, 303-320.
  53. Garbey, M.; Taik, A.; Volpert, V. “Linear Stability Analysis of Reaction Fronts in Liquids,”Quart. Appl. Math. 199654, 225-247.
  54. Pojman, J. A.;Willis, J. R.; Khan , A. M.; West, W. W., “The True Molecular Weight Distributions of Acrylate Polymers formed in Propagating Fronts,” J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym Chem. 199634, 991-995.
  55. Nagy, I. P.; Pojman, J. A., “Suppressing Convective Instabilities in Propagating Fronts by Tube Rotation,” J. Phys. Chem. 1996100, 3299-3304.
  56. Volpert, V.; Volpert, V. A.; Pojman, J. A.; Solovyov, S. E. “Hydrodynamic Stability of a Polymerization Front,”Eur. J. Appl. Math. 19967, 303-320.
  57. Pojman, J. A.; Ilyashenko, V. M.; Khan, A. M. “Free-Radical Frontal Polymerization: Self-Propagating Thermal Reaction Waves,”J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 199692, 2824-2836.
  58. Pojman, J. A.; Curtis, G.; Ilyashenko, V. M. “Frontal Polymerization in Solution,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996115, 3783-3784.
  59. Khan, A. M.; Pojman, J. A. “The Use of Frontal Polymerization in Polymer Synthesis,”Trends Polym. Sci. (Cambridge, U.K.) 19964, 253-257.
  60. Volpert, V. A.; Volpert, V. A.; Garbey, M.; Pojman, J. A. Stability of Reaction Fronts: in Gas-Phase Chemical Reaction Systems: Experiments and Models 100 Years after Max Bodenstein; Wolfrum, J.; Volpp, H.-R.; Rannacher, R. Warnatz, J., Ed.; Springer Berlin: Heidelberg, 1996; pp 309-317.
  61. Goldfeder, P. M.; Volpert, V. A.; Ilyashenko, V. M.; Khan, A. M.; Pojman, J. A.; Solovyov, S. E. “Mathematical Modeling of Free-Radical Polymerization Fronts,”J. Phys. Chem. B 1997101, 3474-3482.
  62. Pojman, J. A.; Elcan, W.; Khan, A. M.; Mathias, L. “Binary Polymerization Fronts: A New Method to Produce Simultaneous Interpenetrating Polymer Networks (SINs),”J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym Chem. 199735, 227-230.
  63. Apostolo, M.; Tredici, A.; Morbidelli, M.; Varma, A. “Propagation Velocity of the Reaction Front in Addition Polymerization Systems,”J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym Chem. 199735, 1047-1059.
  64. Bowden, G.; Garbey, M.; Ilyashenko, V. M.; Pojman, J. A.; Solovyov, S.; Taik, A.; Volpert, V. “The Effect of Convection on a Propagating Front with a Solid Product: Comparison of Theory and Experiments,”J. Phys. Chem. B 1997101, 678-686.
  65. Solovyov, S. E.; Ilyashenko, V. M.; Pojman, J. A. “Numerical Modeling of Self-Propagating Fronts of Addition Polymerization: The Role of Kinetics on Front Stability,” Chaos 19977, 331-340.
  66. Pojman, J. A.; West, W. W.; Simmons, J. “Propagating Fronts of Polymerization in the Physical Chemistry Laboratory,” J. Chem. Ed. 199774, 727-730.
  67. Pojman, J.; Fortenberry, D.; Ilyashenko, V. “Frontal Polymerization as an Analog of SHS,” Int. J. Self-Propag. High-Temp. Synth. 19976, 355-376.
  68. Chekanov, Y.; Arrington, D.; Brust, G.; Pojman, J. A. “Frontal Curing of Epoxy Resin: Comparison of Mechanical and Thermal Properties to Batch Cured Materials,”J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 199766, 1209-1216.
  69. Pojman, J. A.; Khan, A. M.; Mathias, L. J. “Frontal Polymerization in Microgravity: Results from the Conquest I Sounding Rocket Flight,”Microg. sci. technol. 1997X, 36-40.
  70. Galyagin, K. S.; Vakhrameev, E. I. “Numerical Calculation of the Frontal Polymerisation of a Thermoplastic in a Cylindrical Reactor,” International Polymer Science and Technology 199725(5), 35-38.
  71. Coons, L. S.; Rangarajan, B.; Godshall, D.; Scranton, A. B. Photopolymerization of Vinyl Ester: Glass Fiber Composites: in Photopolymerization: Fundamentals and Applications, ACS Symposium Series 673; Scranton, A. B.; Bowman, C. N. Peiffer, R. W., Ed.; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1997; pp 203-218.
  72. Srivastava, P. K.; Majhi, S. S.; Rastogi, R. P.; Hanazaki, I. “Color Bands in Methacrylic Acid Polymerization,” Chem. Ltts. 199827, 1251-1252.
  73. Tredici, A.; Pechhini, R.; Sliepcevich, A.; Morbidelli, M. “Polymer Blends by Self-Propagating Frontal Polymerization,”J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 199870, 2695-2702.
  74. Tredici, A.; Pecchini, R.; Morbidelli, M. “Self-Propagating Frontal Copolymerization,” J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym Chem. 199836, 1117-1126.
  75. Volpert, V. A.; Volpert, V. A.; Ilyashenko, V. M.; Pojman, J. A. “Frontal Polymerization in a Porous Medium,”Chem. Eng. Sci. 199853, 1655-1665.
  76. Fortenberry, D. I.; Khan, A.; Ilyashenko, V. M.; Pojman, J. A. Frontal Polymerization: Self-Propagating High Temperature Synthesis of Polymeric Materials: in Synthesis and Characterization of Advanced Materials, ACS Symposium Series No. 681; Serio, M. A.; Gruen, D. M. Malhotra, R., Ed.; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1998; pp 220-235.
  77. Volpert, Vit; Volpert, Vl.; Ilyashenko, V.; Pojman, J. A. “Frontal Polymerization in a Porous Medium,” Chem. Eng. Sci. 199853, 1655-1665.
  78. Ilyashenko, V. M.; Pojman, J. A. “Single Head Spin Modes in Frontal Polymerization,”Chaos 19988, 285-289.
  79. Masere, J.; Pojman, J. A. “Free Radical-Scavenging Dyes as Indicators of Frontal Polymerization Dynamics,”J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 199894, 919-922.
  80. McCaughey, B.; Pojman, J. A.; Simmons, C.; Volpert, V. A. “The Effect of Convection on a Propagating Front with a Liquid Product: Comparison of Theory and Experiments,”Chaos 19988, 520-529.
  81. Pojman, J. A.; Gunn, G.; Patterson, C.; Owens, J.; Simmons, C. “Frontal Dispersion Polymerization,” J. Phys. Chem. B1998102, 3927-3929.
  82. Goldfeder, P. M.; Volpert, V. A. “Nonadiabatic frontal polymerization,”J. Eng. Math. 199834, 301-318.
  83. Goldfeder, P. M.; Volpert, V. A. “A model of frontal polymerization including the gel effect,”Math. Problems in Engin. 19984, 377-391.
  84. Galgyin, K. S.; Vakhrameev, E. L. “Numerical Calculation of the Frontal Polymerisation of a Thermoplastic in a Cylindrical Reactor,” International. Polym. Sci. & Tech. 199825, 35-38.
  85. Masere,J.; Stewart, F.; Meehan, T.; Pojman, J. A. “Period-doubling Behavior in Frontal Polymerization of Multifunctional Acrylates,” Chaos19999, 315-322
  86. Pojman, J. A.; Fortenberry, D.; Lewis, L. L.; Simmons, C.; Ilyashenko, V. Solvent-Free Synthesis by Free-Radical Frontal Polymerization: in Solvent-Free Polymerizations and Processes, ACS Symposium Series No. 713; Long, T. E. Hunt, M. O., Ed.; American Chemical Society: Washington, D.C., 1998; pp 140-153.
  87. Garbey, M.; Tromeur-Dervout, D. “A New Parallel Solver for the Nonperiodic Incompressible Navier-Stokes Equations with a Fourier Method: Application to Frontal Polymerization,”J. Comp. Phys. 1998145, 316-331.
  88. Barelko, V. V.; Pomogailo, A. D.; Dzhardimalieva, G. I.; Evstratova, S. I.; Rozenberg, A. S.; Uflyand, I. E. “The Autowave Modes of Solid Phase Polymerization of Metal-Containing Monomers in Two- and Three-Dimensional Fiberglass-Filled Matrices,”Chaos 19999, 342-347.
  89. Szalay, J.; Nagy, I.; Bayai, I.; DeaK, G.; Bazsa, G.; Zsuga, M. “High Temperature Copolymerization of Styrene and Maleic Anhydride in Propagating Polymerization Front,” Macromol. Rapid Comm. 199920, 315-318.
  90. Goldfeder, P. M.; Volpert, V. A. “A Model of Frontal Polymerization Using Complex Initiation,” Math. Problems in Enginering 19995, 139-160.
  91. Schult, D. A.; Volpert, V. A. “Linear Stability Analysis of Thermal Free Radical Polymerization Waves,”Int. J. Self-Propag. High-Temp. Synth. 19998, 417-440.
  92. Kiryukhin, D. P.; Barelko, V. V.; Barkalov, I. M. “Traveling Waves of Cryochemical Reaction in Radiolyzed Systems (Review),” High Energy Chemistry 199933, 133-144.
  93. Spade, C. A.; Volpert, V. A. “On The Steady State Approximation in Thermal Free Radical Frontal Polymerization,”Chem. Eng. Sci. 200055, 641-654.
  94. Fortenberry, D. I.; Pojman, J. A. “Solvent-Free Synthesis of Polyacrylamide by Frontal Polymerization,”J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym Chem. 200038, 1129-1135
  95. Texier-Picard, R.; Pojman, J. A.; Volpert, V. A. “Effect of Interfacial Tension on Propagating Polymerization Fronts,”Chaos 200010, 224-230.
  96. Masere, J.; Chekanov, Y..; Warren, J. R.; Stewart, F.; Al-Kaysi, R.; Rasmussen, J. K.; Pojman, J. A. “Gas-free Initiators for High-Temperature Polymerization,”J. Poly. Sci. Part A. Polym. Chem. 200038,  3984-3990.
  97. Chekanov, Y. A.; Pojman, J. A. “Preparation of Functionally Gradient Materials Via Frontal Polymerization,”J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 200078, 2398-2404.
  98. Kiryukhin, D. P.; Barkalov, I. M. “The Autowave Regimes of Cryopolymerization,” Polymer Science Series B 200042, 244-253.
  99. Rosell, A.; Storti, G.; Morbidelli, M. “Reaction Propagation in Frontal Polymerization,” DECHEMA Monographie2001137, 487-494.
  100. Manz, B.; Masere, J.; Pojman, J. A.; Volke, F. “Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Spiral Patterns in Crosslinked Polymer Gels Produced via Frontal Polymerization,”J. Poly. Sci. Part A. Polym. Chem. 200139, 1075-1080.
  101. Allali, K.; Pojman, J.; Volpert, V. “Influence of Vibrations on Convective Instability of Polymerization Fronts,”J. Eng. Math. 200141, 13-31.
  102. Ainsworth, W.; Pojman, J. A.; Chekanov, Y.; Masere, J. Bubble Behavior in Frontal Polymerization: Results from KC-135 Parabolic Flights: in Polymer Research in Microgravity: Polymerization and Processing, ACS Symposium Series No. 793; Downey, J. P. Pojman, J. A., Ed.; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2001; pp 112-125.
  103. Mariani, A.; Fiori, S.; Chekanov, Y.; Pojman, J. A. “Frontal Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization of Dicyclopentadiene,”Macromolecules 200134, 6539-6541.
  104. Washington, R. P.; Steinbock, O. “Frontal Polymerization Synthesis of Temperature-Sensitive Hydrogels,”J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001123, 7933-7934.
  105. Spade, C. A.; Volpert, V. A. “Linear Stability Analysis of Nonadiabatic Free Radical Polymerization Waves,”Combustion Theory and Modelling 20015, 21-39.
  106. Davtyan, D. S.; Bagdasaryan, A. E.; Tonoyan, A. O.; Davtyan, S. P. “To the Contribution of Thermal Convective Mass Transfer fo the Reactive Mixture Components to Frontal Curing of Epoxydiane Oligomers,” Chem. Phys. Reports 200119, 1757-1765.
  107. Davtyan, S. P.; Hambartsumyan, A. F.; Davtyan, D. S.; Tonoyan, A. O.; Hayrapetyan, S.; Bagyan, S. H.; Manukyan, L. S. “The Structure, Rate and Stability of Autowaves During Polymerization of Co Metal-Complexes with Acrylamide,” European Polymer Journal 200238, 2423-2431.
  108. Pojman, J. A.; Masere, J.; Petretto, E.; Rustici, M.; Huh, D.-S.; Kim, M. S.; Volpert, V. “The Effect of Reactor Geometry on Frontal Polymerization Spin Modes,”Chaos 2002, 56-65.
  109. Bazile Jr., M.; Nichols, H. A.; Pojman, J. A.; Volpert, V. “The Effect of Orientation on Thermoset Frontal Polymerization,”J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym Chem. 2002, 40, 3504-3508.
  110. Pojman, J. A.; Volpert, V. A.; Volpert, V. A. “Nonlinear Dynamics of SHS-Like Processes in Polymer Chemistry” in Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis of Materials; A. A. Borisov, L. T. De Luca., A. G. Merzhanov, Ed.; Taylor and Francis:  New York, 2002; pp 99-118.
  111. Fiori, S.; Mariani, A.; Ricco, L.; Russo, S. “Interpenetrating Polydicyclopentadiene/Polyacrylate Networks Obtained by Simultaneous Non-interfering Frontal Polymerization,”e-Polymers 200229, 1-10.
  112. Fiori, S.; Malucelli, G.; Mariani, A.; Ricco, L.; Casazza, E. “Synthesis and Characterization of a Polyester/Styrene Resin obtained by Frontal Polymerization,” e-Polymers 200257, 1-10.
  113. Dzhardimalieva, G. I.Pomogailo, A.D.; Volpert, Vit .A. “Frontal Polymerization of Metal-Containing Monomers: A Topical Review,”Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers 200212, 1-21.
  114. Gill, N.; Pojman, J. A.; Willis, J.; Whitehead, J. B. “Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal (PDLC) Materials Fabricated Using Frontal Polymerization,”J. Poly. Sci. Part A. Polym. Chem200341, 204-212
  115. Perry, M.F.; Volpert, Vl, A; Lewis, L. L.; Nichols, H. A.; Pojman, J. A. “Free-radical Frontal Copolymerization: The Dependence of the Front Velocity on the Monomer Feed Composition and Reactivity Ratios,” Macromolecular Theory and Simulations 200312, 276-286.
  116. Fiori, S.; Mariani, A.; Ricco, L.; Russo, S., “First Synthesis of a Polyurethane by Frontal Polymerization,” Macromolecules 200336, 2674-2679.
  117. Mariani, A.; Bidali, S.; Fiori, S.; Malucelli, G.; Sanna, E. “Synthesis and Characterization of a Polyurethane Prepared by Frontal Polymerization,”e-Polymers 200344, 1-9.
  118. Washington, R. P.; Steinbock, O. “Frontal Free-Radical Polymerization: Applications to Materials Synthesis,” Polymer News 200328, 303-310.
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    https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2023/mh/d2mh01553f

  431. Li, B.; Hao, W.; Xu, X.; Liu, J.; Fu, D.; Zhou, M.; Hu, Z. “Preparation and Properties of P(Ia-Co-Aa-Co-Am) Composite Hydrogel Via Frontal Polymerization,” Colloid and Polymer Science 2023, 301, 445–453.

    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00396-023-05079-0

  432. Li, B.; Zhou, M.; Xu, X.; Liu, J.; Hao, W.; Wu, A. “Preparation and Properties of Beta-Cd/P (Am-Co-Aa) Composite Hydrogel by Frontal Polymerization of Ternary Deep Eutectic Solvent,” Polymer International 2023, 72, 664–670.

    https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/pi.6523

    • Chen, Z.; Zhang, X. “Manufacturing Multifunctional Vascularized Composites by through-Thickness Frontal Polymerization and Depolymerization: A Numerical Study on the Impact of Sacrificial Fiber Configurations,” Composites Science and Technology 2023, 110394.
  433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2023.110394

  434. Zakoworotny, M.; Balta Bonner, F. J.; Kumar, A.; Aw, J. E.; Tawfick, S. H.; Ewoldt, R. H.; Sottos, N. R.; Geubelle, P. H. “Rheological Modeling of Frontal-Polymerization-Based Direct Ink Writing of Thermoset Polymers,” Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 2024, 418, 116565.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2023.116565

  435. Kumar, A.; Zakoworotny, M.; Bonner, F. J. B.; Aw, J. E.; Sottos, N. R.; Tawfick, S. H.; Geubelle, P. H. “A Thermo-Chemo-Mechanical Model for Material Extrusion of Frontally Polymerizing Thermoset Polymers,” Additive Manufacturing 2024, 80, 103972.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2024.103972

  436. Luo, T.; Ma, Y.; Cui, X. “Review on Frontal Polymerization Behavior for Thermosetting Resins: Materials, Modeling and Application,” Polymers 2024, 16, 185.

    10.3390/polym16020185

    https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/16/2/185

    • Malik, M. S.; Wolfahrt, M.; Domínguez Pardo, J. J.; Bublitz, D.; Schlögl, S. “Prospects in the Application of a Frontally Curable Epoxy Resin for Cured-in-Place-Pipe Rehabilitation,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science 2023, e55024.
  437. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.55024

  438. Joundy, Y.; Rouah, H.; Taik, A. “Stability Analysis of Polymerization Fronts,” Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Physics 2023, 63, 2372-2383.

    https://doi.org/10.1134/S0965542523120138

  439. Groce, B. R.; Aucoin, A. V.; Ullah, M. A.; DiCesare, J.; Wingfield, C.; Sardin, J.; Harris, J. T.; Nguyen, J. C.; Raley, P.; Stanley, S. S.; Palardy, G.; Pojman, J. A. “Free-Standing 3d Printing of Epoxy-Vinyl Ether Structures Using Radical-Induced Cationic Frontal Polymerization,” ACS Applied Polymer Materials  2024, 6, 1, 572–582

    https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.3c02226

  440. Wang, H. M.; Suslick, B. A.; Lessard, J. J.; Yu, C. H.; Saengow, C.; Ewoldt, R. H.; Moore, J. S. “Frontal Polymerization of Stereoisomers: Distinct Microstructures and Properties in Endo- and Exo-Dicyclopentadiene Thermosets,” Macromolecules 2024, 57, 142-149.

    https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.3c02177

  441. Tarafdar, A.; Lin, W.; Naderi, A.; Wang, X.; Fu, K.; Hosein, I. D.; Wang, Y. “UV-Induced Frontal Polymerization for Optimized in-Situ Curing of Epoxy Resin for Excellent Tensile and Flexural Properties,” Composites Communications 2024, 46, 101832.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coco.2024.101832

  442.  Li, X.; Cohen, T. “Mechanical Forces Quench Frontal Polymerization: Experiments and Theory,” Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 2024, 183, 105517.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmps.2023.105517

  443. Maugeri, D.; Sangermano, M.; Leterrier, Y. “Radical Photoinduced Cationic Frontal Polymerization in Porous Media,” Polymer International 2021, 70, 269-276.

    https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/pi.6156

  444. Lv, X.; Ao, Q.; Jiang, L.; Li, X.; Tong, X.; Song, Y.; Tang, J. “Facile Utilization of Renewable Resources Containing Cyclobutene Mechanophores: Preparation and Properties of High-Toughness Materials with One-Step Cross-Linking by Frontal Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization,” ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 2024, 12, 2041−2048.

    10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c07094

  445. Liu, Q.; Abueidda, D.; Vyas, S.; Gao, Y.; Koric, S.; Geubelle, P. H. “Adaptive Data-Driven Deep-Learning Surrogate Model for Frontal Polymerization in Dicyclopentadiene,” The Journal of Physical Chemistry B 2024, 128, 1220−1230.https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c07714

  446. Luo, T.; Fu, K.; Zhu, H.; Chen, Y.; Yang, B.; Li, Y. “In-Plane and in-Depth Frontal Polymerization Behaviors of Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Composites,” Polymer Composites 2024, 45, 3604-3616.

    https://4spepublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pc.28013

  447. Zhou, D.-L.; Wang, J.; Bai, H.; Han, D.; Fu, Q. “High-Performance Low-K Poly(Dicyclopentadiene)-Poss Nanocomposites Achieved by Frontal Polymerization,” Chemical Engineering Journal 2024, 150140.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2024.150140

  448. Kumar, A.; Zakoworotny, M.; Bonner, F. J. B.; Aw, J. E.; Sottos, N. R.; Tawfick, S. H.; Geubelle, P. H. “A Thermo-Chemo-Mechanical Model for Material Extrusion of Frontally Polymerizing Thermoset Polymers,” Additive Manufacturing 2024, 80, 103972.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2024.103972

  449. Yan, W.; Liu, R.; Fowler, C.; Wang, S.; Qiu, J. “Multiphysics Modeling of Frontal Curing-Enabled Additive Manufacturing for Carbon Fiber/Thermoset Composites,” Computational Materials Science 2024, 237, 112916.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2024.112916

  450.  Zhou, D.-L.; Wang, J.; Bai, H.; Han, D.; Fu, Q. “High-Performance Low-K Poly(Dicyclopentadiene)-Poss Nanocomposites Achieved by Frontal Polymerization,” Chemical Engineering Journal 2024, 150140.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2024.150140

  451. Yi, X.; Li, S.; Wen, P.; Yan, S. “Numerical Simulation of Polyacrylamide Hydrogel Prepared Via Thermally Initiated Frontal Polymerization,” Polymers 2024, 16, 873.

    https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16070873

  452. Staal, J.; Caglar, B.; Michaud, V. “Self-Catalysed Frontal Polymerisation Enables Fast and Low-Energy Processing of Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites,” Composites Science and Technology 2024, 110584.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110584

  453. Gao, Y.; Paul, J. E.; Chen, M.; Seth, A.; Liu, Q.; Hong, L.; Chamorro, L. P.; Ewoldt, R. H.; Sottos, N. R.; Geubelle, P. H. “Fluid Convection Driven by Surface Tension During Free-Surface Frontal Polymerization,” Mechanics of Materials 2024, 194, 104987.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmat.2024.104987

  454. Tarafdar, A.; Lin, W.; Naderi, A.; Wang, X.; Fu, K.; Hosein, I. D.; Wang, Y. “UV-Induced Frontal Polymerization for Optimized in-Situ Curing of Epoxy Resin for Excellent Tensile and Flexural Properties,”
    Composites Communications
    2024, 46, 101832.
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coco.2024.101832
  455. Daguerre-Bradford, J.; Camarda, D. S.; Lesser, A. J.; Cristadoro, A. M.; Linnenbrink, M.; Schütte, M. “Synthesis and Characterization of Foams Generated Via Gel State Frontal Polymerization,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1002/app.55399
  456. Cook, A. L.; Dearborn, M. A.; Anderberg, T. M.; Vaidya, K.; Jureller, J. E.; Esser-Kahn, A. P.; Squires, A. H. “Polymer Patterning by Laser-Induced Multipoint Initiation of Frontal Polymerization,” ACS Appl Mater Interfaces
    2024, 16, 17973-17980.
    https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.4c00216
  457. Lessard, J. J.; Mejia, E. B.; Kim, A. J.; Zhang, Z.; Berkey, M. G.; Medina-Barreto, Z. S.; Ewoldt, R. H.; Sottos, N. R.; Moore, J. S. “Unraveling Reactivity Differences: Room-Temperature Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP) Versus Frontal Romp,” Journal of the American Chemical Society 2024, 146, 7216-7221.

    10.1021/jacs.4c01578

  458. Shams, A. T.; Papon, E. A.; Shinde, P. S.; Bara, J.; Haque, A. “Degree of Cure, Microstructures, and Properties of Carbon/Epoxy Composites Processed Via Frontal Polymerization,” Polymers2024, 16, 1493.

    https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/smtd.202301569 

    • Sun, J.; Wang, R.; Xue, G.; Qiao, G. “Ultra-Fast Preparation of High-Strength Polymer Concrete Via Frontal Polymerization at Room Temperature,” Small Methods 2024, e2301569.

    10.1002/smtd.202301569

  459. Cooper, J. C.; Paul, J. E.; Ramlawi, N.; Saengow, C.; Sharma, A.; Suslick, B. A.; Ewoldt, R. H.; Sottos, N. R.; Moore, J. S. “Reprocessability in Engineering Thermosets Achieved through Frontal Ring Opening Metathesis Polymerization,” Advanced Materials, 2024, 2402627.

    https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202402627

  460.    Zhan, Q.; Yang, P. “Upgrading of Thermosets and Composites Via Sequential Frontal Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization and Radical Reactions,” Journal of Materials Science 2024, 59, 7779–7792.

    https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-024-09674-6

    • Vyas, S.; Parikh, N. A.; Price, T. C.; Patel, D. P.; Le, T. B.; Geubelle, P. H.; Sottos, N. R. “Through-Thickness Frontal Polymerization: Process Development and Optimization,” Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 2024, 180,

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108084

  461. Bassenheim, D.; Mitterbauer, M.; Liska, R.; Knaack, P. “Novel Thermal Initiator Systems for Radical Induced Cationic Frontal Polymerization,” Polym. Chem. 2024, 15, 2229-2234.

    10.1039/d4py00343h

  462. Zhang, T.; Xu, N.; Yin, W.; Liu, D.; Liu, C.; Lang, M. “Energy-Efficient Frontal Polymerization of Poly(DCPD-Co-TCPD) with Improving Thermomechanical Properties and Chemical Resistance,” Materials Today Communications 2024, 40,109494.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2024.109494

  463. Luo, T.; Zhao, Y.; Fu, K.; Cui, X.; Chen, B. “High-Efficiency Manufacturing of Epoxy Resins through Two-Point Initiation of Frontal Polymerization,” Chemical Engineering Journal 2024, 496, 154148.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2024.154148

  464. alucelli, G.; Mariani, A. “Frontal Polymerization for the Rapid Obtainment of Polymer Composites,” ACS Omega 2024, 9, 25448-25456.

    https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acsomega.4c03017

  465. Sun, J.; Hong, Y.; Qiao, G. “The Super-Fast Synthesis of High-Strength Epoxy Adhesives by Uv-Initiated Frontal Polymerization at Room Temperature,” Reactive and Functional Polymers 2024, 105987.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2024.105987

    • Li, B.; Wu, A.; Zhou, M.; Wang, Y.; Hu, Z.; Su, L. “Preparation of High-Performance Barium Titanate Composite Hydrogels by Deep Eutectic Solvent-Assisted Frontal Polymerization,” Materials 2024, 17, 3262.

     https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17133262

  466. Xu, Z.; Chua, L.; Singhal, A.; Krishnan, P.; Lessard, J. J.; Suslick, B. A.; Chen, V.; Sottos, N. R.; Gomez-Bombarelli, R.; Moore, J. S. “Reactive Processing of Furan-Based Monomers Via Frontal Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization for High Performance Materials,” Adv Mater 2024, e2405736.

    https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adma.202405736

    • Bistri, D.; Arretche, I.; Lessard, J. J.; Zakoworotny, M.; Vyas, S.; Rongy, L.; Gomez-Bombarelli, R.; Moore, J. S.; Geubelle, P. “A Mechanism-Based Reaction-Diffusion Model for Accelerated Discovery of Thermoset Resins Frontally Polymerized by Olefin Metathesis,” J Am Chem Soc 2024, 146, 21877-21888.

    10.1021/jacs.4c06527

  467. Esposito, G.; Tandon, G.; Abbott, A.; Butcher, D.; Koerner, H. “Frontal Polymerization for Uv‐ and Thermally Initiated Epon 826 Resin,” Polymer Engineering & Science 2024, 64, 4760-4773.

    10.1002/pen.26879

  468. Sun, J.; Wang, R.; Xue, G.; Qiao, G. “Ultra-Fast Preparation of High-Strength Polymer Concrete Via Frontal Polymerization at Room Temperature,” Small Methods 2024, e2301569.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2024.155491

  469. Paul, J. E.; Gao, Y.; Go, Y. K.; Rodriguez Koett, L. E.; Sharma, A.; Chen, M.; Lessard, J. J.; Topkaya, T.; Leal, C.; Moore, J. S.; Geubelle, P. H.; Sottos, N. R. “Controlled Patterning of Crystalline Domains by Frontal Polymerization,” Nature 2024, 634, 85–90.

    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07951-7

  470. Ziaee, M.; Yourdkhani, M. “Bubble-Free Frontal Polymerization of Acrylates Via Redox-Initiated Free Radical Polymerization,” Polymers 2024, 16, 2830.

    https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16192830

  471. Yuan, Z.; Huang, S.; Chen, W.; Jiang, D. “Synthesis and Characterization of Epoxy Resin‐Polydicyclopentadiene Interpenetrating Polymer Networks by UV‐Initiated Simultaneously Frontal Polymerization,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science 2024, e56268.

    10.1002/app.56268

  472. Li, X.; Yan, M.; Xiao, J.; Lian, H. “Ultrafast Fabrication of Deep Eutectic Solvent Flexible Ionic Gel with High-Transmittance, Freeze-Resistant and Conductivity by Frontal Polymerization,” J Colloid Interface Sci 2023, 650, 1382-1392.

    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0021979723012869

  473. Majhi, S. S.; Singh, A. C.; Upadhyay, R. K.; Chakraborty, A. K.; Yadav, N.; Srivastava, P. K. “Structural Modulation in Colored Polymer Bands of Methacrylic Acid-Based Frontal Polymerization,” Journal of the Indian Chemical Society 2024, 101437.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jics.2024.101437

  474.  

Patents Related to Frontal Polymerization

Dixon, G. D., “In Depth Curing of Resins Induced by Uv Radiation,” 1980, U. S. Patent, 4,222,835.

Scranton, A. B.; Bharath, R.; S., C. L., “Thick, Composite Parts Made from Photopolymerizable Compositions and Methods for Making Such Parts,” 1999, U. S. Patent 5,855,837, 

Pojman, J. A.; McCardle, T. W. “Functionally Gradient Polymeric Materials,” 2000, U.S. Patent 6,057,406.

Pojman, J. A.; McCardle, T. W. “Functionally Gradient Polymeric Materials,” 2001, U.S. Patent 6,313,237.

Gregory, S., “Ultraviolet curable resin compositions having enhanced shadow cure properties,” 2001, U.S. Patent 6,245,827.

Pfeil; A ; Burgel; T.; Morbidelli; M.; Rosell; A.,” Mortar composition, curable by frontal polymerization, and a method for fastening tie bars,” 2003, U.S. Patent 6,533,503

Burgel, T.; Marianne, B., “Mortar Composition of at Least Two Components and Curable by Heat Initiation and a Method for Fastening Tie Rods, Reinforcing Steel for Concrete or the Like in Solid Substrates,” 2004, US Patent, 6,815,517.

MacKay, B. A.; Sullivan, P. F.; Nicolas Droger, N.; Ralph M. D’Angelo, W.; Miller, D. E., “Method for Treating Well Bore within a Subterranean Formation.,” 2012, US, 8,215,393 B2.

Moszner, N.; Salz, U.; Burtscher, P.; Liska, R.; GUGG, A.; GORSCHE, C., “Polymerizable Compositions with Improved through-Curing Depth,” 2015, US8557888B2.

 Moore, J. S.; Sottos, N. R.; Schwarz, K. J.; Stawiasz, K. J.; Paul, J. E., “Method of Light-Promoted Frontal Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization,” 2022,

US20220112332

Isothermal Frontal Polymerization ( Interfacial Gel Polymerization)

  1. Koike, Y.; Takezawa, Y.; Ohtsuka, Y. “New Interfacial-Gel Copolymerization Techniques for Steric GRIN Polymer Optical Waveguides and Lens Arrays,”Appl. Opt. 198827, 486-491. 
  2. Golubev, V. B.; Gromov, D. G.; Korolev, B. A. “The Mechanism of Frontal Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate,”J. Appl. Polymer Science 199246, 1501-1502.
  3. Gromov, D. G.; Frisch, H. L. “A simple Mathematical Model of Frontal Polymerization,”J. Appl. Polymer Science 199246, 1499-1500.
  4. Koike, Y. Gradient Index Materials and Components: in Polymers for Lightwave and Integrated Optics; Hornak, L. A., Ed.; Marcel Dekker: New York, 1992; pp 71-104.
  5. Smirnov, B. R. M. k., S. S.; Lusinov, I. A.; Sidorenko, A. A.;Stegno, E. V.; Ivanov, V. V. “Frontal radical polymerization in the presence of a polymeric inhibitor,”Vysokomol. Soedin., Ser. B 199335, 161-162.
  6. Zhang, Q.; Wang, P.; Zhai, Y. “Refractive Index Distribution of Graded Index Poly(methyl methacrylate) Preform Made by Interfacial-Gel Polymerization,”Macromolecules 199730, 7874-7879.
  7. Spade, C. A.; Volpert, V. A. “Mathematical Modeling of Interfacial Gel Polymerization,”Mathematical and Computer Modelling 199930, 67-73.
  8. Spade, C. A.; Volpert, V. A. “Mathematical Modeling of Interfacial Gel Polymerization for Weak and Srtong Gel Effects,”Macromol. Theory Simul. 20009, 26-46.
  9. Masere, J.; Lewis, L. L.; Pojman, J. A. “Optical Gradient Materials Produced Via Low-Temperature Isothermal Frontal Polymerization,”J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 200180, 686-691.
  10. Ivanov, V. V.; Stegno, E. V.; Pushchaeva, L. M. “Influence of Reaction Conditions on the Frontal Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate,” Polym. Sci. Ser. A 200244, 1017-1022.
  11. Lewis, L. L.; DeBisschop, C. A.; Pojman, J. A.; Volpert, V. A. Evolution of Isothermal Polymerization Fronts via Laser Line Deflection and Predictive Modeling: in Nonlinear Dynamics in Polymeric Systems, ACS Symposium Series No. 869; Pojman, J. A. Tran-Cong-Miyata, Q., Ed.; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2003; pp 169-185.
  12. Lewis, L. L.; DeBisschop, C. S.; Pojman, J. A.; Volpert4, V. A. “Isothermal Frontal Polymerization: Confirmation of the Mechanism and Determination of Factors Affecting Front Velocity, Front Shape, and Propagation Distance with Comparison to Mathematical Modeling,”J. Polym. Sci. Part A Polym. Chem200543, 5774-5786.
  13. Devadoss, D. E.; Volpert, V. A. “Modeling Isothermal Free-Radical Frontal Polymerization with Gel Effect Using Free Volume Theory, with and without Inhibition,” J. Mathematical Chem200639, 73-104.
  14. Evstratova, S. I.; Antrim, D.; Fillingane, C.; Pojman, J. A. “Isothermal Frontal Polymerization: Confirmation of the Isothermal Nature of the Process and the Effect of Oxygen and Polymer Seed Molecular Weight on Front Propagation,” J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem. 200644, 3601-3608.
  15. Cho, H.; Son, Y. M.; Kim, M. G.; Ra, B. J.; Park, J.-Y.; Lee, S. H.; Choi, J. S.; Song, M. Y.; Park, O. O.; Kim, Y. C.; Hwang, J. T. “Commercial Scale Fabrication Method for Fabricating a Gradient Refractive-Index Rod: Overcoming Volume Shrinkage and Chemical Restrictions,” Appl. Optics 200645, 7239-7247.
  16. Lewis, L. L.; Massey, K. N.; Meyer, E. R.; McPherson, J. R.; Hanna, J. S. “New Insight into Isothermal Frontal Polymerization Models: Wieners Method to Determine the Diffusion Coefficients for High Molecular-Weight Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) with Neat Methyl Methacrylate,” Optics and Lasers in Engineering 200846, 900-910.
  17. Ivanov, V. V.; Mel’nikov, V. P.; Stegno, E. V. “Efficiency of Polymer Inhibitors Upon Methylmethacrylate Polymerization in Frontal Mode,” Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B 20126, 750-751.

Frontal Photopolymerization

(A localized propagation polymerization reaction that is driven by absorption of light.)

  1. Koike, Y.; Hatanaka, H.; Otsuka, Y. “Studies on the Light-Focusing Plastic Rod. 17. Plastic Grin Rod Lens Prepared by Photocopolymerization of a Ternary Monomer System,” Appl. Opt. 1984, 23, 1779-1783.
  2. Ohtsuka, Y.; Koike, Y. “Studies on the Light Focusing Plastic Rod. 18: Control of Refractive-Index Distribution by Photocopolymerization,” Appl. Opt. 1985, 24, 4316-4320.Righetti, P. G.; Bossi, A.; Giglio, M.; Vailati, A.;
  3. Lyubimova, T.; Briskman, V. A. “Is Gravity on our Way? The Case of Polyacrylamide Gel Polymerization,” Electrophoresis 199415, 1005-1013.
  4. Briskman, V. A.; Kostarev, K. G. “Polymer Under Microgravity Conditions: Results and Perspectives,” Polym. Prepr. (Am Chem. Soc. Div. Polym. Chem.) 200041, 1054-1055.
  5. Briskman, V. A. “Gravitational Effects in Polymerization,”Adv. Space Res. 199924, 1199-1210.
  6. Briskman, V. A.; Kostarev, K. G.; Levtov, V.; Lyubimova, T.; Mashinsky, A.; Nechitailo, G.; Romanov, V. “Polymerization Under Different Gravity Conditions,”Acta Astronautica 199639, 395-402.
  7. Briskman, V. A.; Kostarev, K. G.; Lyubimova, T. P. Gel Polymerization at High Gravity: in Materials Processing in High Gravity; Regel, L. L., Ed.; Plenum: New York, 1994; pp 185-191.
  8. Terrones, G.; Pearlstein, A. J. “Effects of Optical Attenuation and Comsumption of a Photobleaching Initiator on Local Initiation Rates in Photopolymerizations,”Macromolecules 200134, 3195-3204.
  9. Ivanov, V. V.; Decker, C. “Kinetic Study of Photoinitiated Frontal Polymerization,”Polym. Intern200150, 113-118.
  10. Miller, G. A.; Gou, L.; Narayanan, V.; Scranton, A. B. “Modeling of Photobleaching for the Photoiniation of Thick Polymerization Systems,” J. Poly. Sci.: Part A: Polym. Chem200240, 793-808.
  11. Belk, M.; Kostarev, K. G.; Volpert, V.; Yudina, T. M. “Frontal Photopolymerization with Convection,“J. Phys. Chem. B 2003107, 10292-10298.
  12. Cabral, J. T.; Hudson, S. D.; Harrison, C.; Douglas, J. F. “Frontal Photopolymerization for Microfluidic Applications,”Langmuir 200420, 10020-10029.
  13. Decker, C.; Keller, L.; Zahouily, K.; Benfarhi, S. “Synthesis of Nanocomposite Polymers by UV-radiation Curing,” Polymer200546, 6640-6648.
  14. João T. Cabral & Jack F. Douglas (2005) Propagating waves of network formation induced by light. Polymer46, 4230-4241.
  15. Warren, J. A.; Cabral, J. T.; Douglas, J. F. “Solution of a Field Theory Model of Frontal Photopolymerization.,” Phys. Rev. E 200572, 021801.
  16. Tao, Y.; Yang, J.; Zeng, Z.; Cui, Y.; Chen, Y. “Study on Spatial–Temporal Kinetics of Photo-Initiated Frontal Polymerization in Stacked Reaction Cells,” Polym. Intern. 200655, 418-425. 
  17. Cui, Y.; Yang, J.; Zeng, Z.; Zeng, Z.; Chen, Y. “Monitoring Frontal Photopolymerization by Electroresistance,” Eur. Polym. J200743, 3912–3922.
  18. Cui, Y.; Yang, J.; Zeng, Z.; Zeng, Z.; Chen, Y. “Unique Morphology and Properties Study of Polyacrylate Obtained Via Frontal Photopolymerization,” Polymer 200748, 5994-6001.
  19. Cui, Y.; Yang, J.; Zhan, Y.; Zeng, Z.; Chen, Y. “In Situ Fabrication of Polyacrylate/Nanozirconia Hybrid Material Via Frontal Photopolymerization,” Colloid Polym. Sci2008286, 97-106.
  20. Kostarev, K. G.; Svistkov, A. L.; Shmyrov, A. V. “Formation of Inhomogeneities in Polyacrylamide Gel in the Course of Frontal Polymerization,” Polym. Sci. Ser. A 200850, 710-715.
  21. Hayki, N.; Lecamp, L.; DeÃÅsilles, N.; Lebaudy, P. “Kinetic Study of Photoinitiated Frontal Polymerization. Influence of Uv Light Intensity Variations on the Conversion Profiles,” Macromolecules 200943, 177-184.
  22. Turturro, M. V.; Papavasiliou, G. “Generation of Mechanical and Biofunctional Gradients in Peg Diacrylate Hydrogels by Perfusion-Based Frontal Photopolymerization,” Journal of Biomaterials Science 201223, 917–939.
  23. Vitale, A.; Hennessy, M. G.; Matar, O. K.; Cabral, J. T. “Interfacial Profile and Propagation of Frontal Photopolymerization Waves,” Macromolecules 201448, 198-205.
  24. Hennessy, M. G.; Vitale, A.; Matar, O. K.; Cabral, J. T. “Controlling Frontal Photopolymerization with Optical Attenuation and Mass Diffusion,” Phys. Rev. E 201591, 062402.
  25. Hennessy, M. G.; Vitale, A.; Cabral, J. T.; Matar, O. K. “Role of Heat Generation and Thermal Diffusion During Frontal Photopolymerization,” Phys. Rev. E 201592, 022403.
  26. Vitale, A.; Hennessy, M. G.; Matar, O. K.; Cabral, J. T. “A Unified Approach for Patterning Via Frontal Photopolymerization,” Adv. Mater201527, 6118-6124.
  27. Purnama, A. R.; Hennessy, M. G.; Vitale, A.; Cabral, J. T. “Coarse-Grained Models for Frontal Photopolymerization with Evolving Conversion Profile,” Polym. Int. 201766, 752-760.
  28.  Carion, P.; Ibrahim, A.; Allonas, X.; Croutxé-Barghorn, C.; L’Hostis, G. “Frontal Free-Radical Photopolymerization of Thick Samples: Applications to Led-Induced Fiber-Reinforced Polymers,” J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem2019, doi:10.1002/pola.29341.
  29. Ebner, C.; Mitterer, J.; Eigruber, P.; Stieger, S.; Riess, G.; Kern, W. “Ultra-High through-Cure of (Meth)Acrylate Copolymers Via Photofrontal Polymerization,” Polymers 2020, 12, 1291, 10.3390/polym12061291

  30. Ebner, C.; Mitterer, J.; Gonzalez-Gutierrez, J.; Rieß, G.; Kern, W. “Resins for Frontal Photopolymerization: Combining Depth-Cure and Tunable Mechanical Properties,” Materials 2021, 14, 743.

Other Papers of Interest on Thermal Fronts

Novozhilov, B. V. “The Rate of Propagation of the Front of an Exothermic Reaction in a Condensed Phase,”Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 1961141, 151.

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